Commento su Ma'aser Sheni 4:8
הַמַּנִּיחַ אִסָּר וְאָכַל עָלָיו חֶצְיוֹ, וְהָלַךְ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר וַהֲרֵי הוּא יֹצֵא בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, אוֹכֵל עָלָיו עוֹד אִסָּר. הַמַּנִּיחַ פֻּנְדְּיוֹן וְאָכַל עָלָיו חֶצְיוֹ, וְהָלַךְ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר וַהֲרֵי הוּא יוֹצֵא בְּאִסָּר, אֹכֵל עָלָיו עוֹד פְּלָג. הַמַּנִּיחַ אִסָּר שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אוֹכֵל עָלָיו אַחַד עָשָׂר בְּאִסָּר וְאֶחָד מִמֵּאָה בְּאִסָּר. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל עֲשָׂרָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּוַּדַּאי אַחַד עָשָׂר, וּבַדְּמַאי עֲשָׂרָה:
Uno che mise da parte un Issar [per la redenzione di Ma'aser Sheni ], e per suo conto mangiò [ Ma'aser Sheni il valore di] metà di esso, e andò in un altro posto dove [ valeva il Ma'aser Sheni ] una Fundyon [specifica unità di denaro], può mangiare sul suo conto un'altra Issar [di Ma'aser Sheni ]. Uno che accantona un Fundyon [per la redenzione di Ma'aser Sheni ], e per suo conto mangiò [ Ma'aser Sheni il valore di] metà di esso, e andò in un altro posto dove [il Ma'aser Sheni ] valeva un Issar , può mangiare sul suo conto un'altra metà [di un Fundyon ]. Uno che mette da parte un Issar di Ma'aser Sheni , dovrebbe mangiare sul suo conto undici parti del valore di un Issar , o [dovrebbe mangiare un ulteriore] centesimo di un Issar . Beit Shammai dice: in entrambi i casi una decima parte. Ma Beit Hillel dice: nel caso di Vadai [prodotto dal quale è certo che le decime erano già state prese] un'undicesima parte, e nel caso di Demai una decima parte.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
המניח איסר – to be redeemed upon the produce of Second Tithe, and it was already redeemed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
Introduction
It would have been common practice to set aside a coin and then use it progressively as money for maaser sheni produce. In our mishnah a person sets aside an issar, which is worth 1/24 of a dinar, and then uses that issar as redemption money for a future amount of maaser sheni produce that he will eat. The question that arises is: what happens if the value of the issar changes?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
ואכל עליו חציו והלך למקום אחר – and he carried the Issar with him, and there it is worth a Pundiyon, and at first, he would not leave other than with one-half a Pundiyon, for the Pundiyon is equivalent to two Isaarim. It would be found that according to what he currently goes out with what remains is an Issar of non-sacred produce and therefore he consumes from it another Issar.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
One who sets aside an issar [for the redemption of maaser sheni] and on its account he ate [the value of] half [an issar of maaser sheni] and then went to another place where [the issar] was worth a pondion, he may eat of [maaser sheni the value of] another issar. A person set aside an issar to use as redemption money for maaser sheni produce that he will eat in the future. Then he ate half of an issar’s worth of maaser sheni, meaning that half the issar was still not maaser sheni money. Afterwards he took his issar and went to a place where the issar was worth a pundion, which is two issars. The issar doubled in value, so the half that was left unredeemed was now worth a full issar in the old terms. Therefore, he can redeem another issar’s worth of maaser sheni produce before the coin is fully maaser sheni.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
אוכל עליו עוד פלג – one-half Issar, and we don’t say that since it is not worth other than an Issar, that he actually ate all of it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
One who sets aside a pundion [for the redemption of maaser sheni] and on its account he ate [the value of] half [a pundion of maaser sheni] and then went to another place where [the pundion] was worth an issar, he may eat [maaser sheni the value of] another half [an issar]. This is the opposite case. He set aside a pundion, which was worth two issars, and he ate half of the value. Then he took the coin and went to another place where the pundion was worth half as much, only an issar. He can now only redeem another half of an issar’s worth of maaser sheni produce, because the half pundion that was not yet maaser sheni is now only worth half of an issar. The rule seems quite straightforward the value of the coin is determined by its value in the place where he redeems the produce.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
המניח איסר של מעשר שני – in order to eat of it as his non-sacred produce in the sanctity of [Second] Tithe. And he consumes from it until eleven per Issar, and one one-hundredth of an Issar, all of his Issar became non-sacred. But if the Issar was from the Second Tithe monies of that were certainly tithed, and he consumed from that total until there remained in it one out of one-hundred, such as one hundred figs are sold for an Issar, and he consumed ninety-nine of them, all of them became non-sacred produce.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maaser Sheni
One who sets aside an issar of maaser sheni [money] he should eat on its account eleven parts of the value of an issar, or [he should eat an additional] one hundredth of an issar. Bet Shammai say: in both cases one tenth part [of an issar]. But Bet Hillels says: in the case of certain [maaser sheni] an eleventh part, in the case of demai a tenth part. The following is Albeck’s explanation of this section. We should note that its language is very difficult and there are many different interpretations. The mishnah refers to a person who is in Jerusalem and eating produce as maaser sheni based on the coin that he has at home. As he eats the produce the coin will be redeemed and will revert to being hullin. The custom in their time was to buy food at 1/10 of an issar or 1/100 of an issar. Since the price of an issar would rise and fall as we saw in the previous section, he would need to eat 11 parts of an issar and not ten parts, and only then would the issar become hullin. Alternatively, if people are buying produce at 1/100 increments, then he needs to eat 101 parts of the produce before the issar is totally redeemed. This is a stringency he needs to buy more produce than the coin may actually be worth. Bet Shammai says that in all cases, both cases of certain maaser sheni and demai, doubtful maaser sheni, one needs to eat only 10 parts of the issar, meaning a complete issar. He does not need to eat the extra 11th part, in any case. Bet Hillel is slightly stricter. When the coin was used to redeem produce that was certain maaser sheni, he needs to eat the eleventh part. But when the produce was used to redeem demai, produce that already may have been tithed, all he needs to eat is the first ten parts, the actual value. We don’t have to be concerned lest the issar increased in value, when the produce may not have needed to be tithed in the first place.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
וב"ש אומרים הכל עשרה – One of them was most certainly tithed and another was doubtfully tithed, if there did not remain from that Issar other than one-tenth, it became non-sacred produce., such as the case where there were ten pomegranates that were sold for an Issar, and he consumed nine of them that became non-sacred produce, if there remained additional produce, such as if he had only consumed eight [out of ten], he must consume the corresponding amount.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maaser Sheni
וב"ה אומרים: - בודאי אחד עשר ובדמאי עשרה – if there remained of the Issar of definitely tithed produce an Issar’s worth eleven, he is obligated to consume another [one part], since all whaich is less than the equivalent of a penny, we are not concerned for him, not for the matter of theft, nor the matter of benefiting from that which is dedicated to the Temple. A Perutah/penny is one-eighth of Italian Issar – hence, one tenth of an Issar is eight tenths of a Perutah which is equal to a Perutah less twenty percent. It turns out that when one adds twenty-percent which is one-quarter from the inside which is equal to one-fifth on he outside, there will be [amongst] everything a penny/Perutah. And therefore, we are concerned for this, for if there will be less than one-tenth, we don’t worry, for even with the addition of an additional fifth there will be in it less than the equivalent value of a Perutah. And therefore, they said, that with a definitively-tithed produce, eleven, and with doubtfully-tithed produce ten, since we are not obligated [an additional] one-fifth on that which is doubtfully-tithed, and the one-tenth is less than the equivalent of a Perutah. And the Halakha is according to the School of Hillel.
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